import java.util.Scanner; public class Main { private static final int LOWER_CASE = 1; private static final int UPPER_CASE = -1; public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); int n = Integer.parseInt(scanner.nextLine()); String text = scanner.nextLine(); scanner.close(); int curr = LOWER_CASE; int count = 0; for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) { char ch = text.charAt(i); if (curr == LOWER_CASE && isLower(ch)) { count += 1; } else if (curr == UPPER_CASE && !isLower(ch)) { count += 1; } else { count += 2; if (i != text.length() - 1) { char next = text.charAt(i + 1); if (isLower(next) && isLower(ch)) { curr *= -1; } else if(!isLower(next) && !isLower(ch)){ curr *= -1; } } } } System.out.println(count); } private static boolean isLower(char ch) { return ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z'; } }